‘Did COVID-19 exist before the scientists?' Towards curriculum theory now

We live in an era that normalized absurdism and abnormality. From successive devastating economic and environmental havoc, the world is now before a pandemic with a lethal footprint throughout the planet. The pandemonium became global. This paper situates the current COVID-19 pandemic within the context of an endless multi-plethora of devastating sagas pushing humanity into an unimaginable great regression. In doing so, the paper examines, how such pandemic reflects the very colors of an intentional epistemological blindness that frames Eurocentric reasoning, which crippled the political economy of global capitalism deepening and accelerating a never-ending and non-stop crisis that started in 2008. The paper explores also the social construction of the current pandemic and argues for alternatives ways to think and to do education and curriculum theory alternatively to challenge Modern Western Eurocentric reasoning. In doing so, advances itinerant curriculum theory as a just approach, a just alter-curriculum ‘theory now', one that respects the world's pluri-epistemological diversity, and aims to walk way from utopias framed within the borders determined by coloniality towards an anti-decolonial climax, and ‘heretopia'.

Émergence des vulnérabilités de soignants en première ligne au cours des urgences sanitaires. De l'épidémie d'Ebola à la COVID-19 au Sénégal

Based on results of ethnographic study about social construction of trust, this article describes experiences of the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic. The author describes how, on the front line of the disease, response to an unpredictable epidemic in a country with limited resources such as Senegal, relies on the capacities of health workers not very visible, who have a precarious status, and who are not considered to be health personnel but who provide essential "ordinary" care on a daily basis through "tasks delegation". The article describes the patient's care itinerary, contact case identification modalities and the profile of the caregivers considered as "contacts". The author describes their experiences, the social and financial effects of home assignment, which reinforces their double professional and social vulnerability as well as their suffering. Locked in a "health subsystem" at the entrance of the health pyramid, these invisible caregivers are the most exposed, the least protected or supported. In context of a country with a fragile health system, this analysis should contribute to a sociological understanding of the usual role of caregivers in the public health system and in epidemic situations, but also to understand contours of an "organized" and institutionalized invisibility that compromises epidemic responses.Alternate :Basado en los resultados de un estudio etnográfico sobre la construcción social de la confianza, este artículo describe las experiencias vividas durante la epidemia de la enfermedad viral del Ébola. Muestra cómo, en primera línea ante los enfermos, los dispositivos para responder a una epidemia imprevisible en Senegal dependen de las capacidades de los agentes sanitarios poco visibles, con estatus precario, que no son considerados como miembros del personal de salud pero que aseguran de manera cotidiana lo esencial de la asistencia sanitaria «rutinaria». El artículo presenta el itinerario de la atención del paciente, las modalidades de identificación y el perfil del personal sanitario considerados como «contactos». La autora describe su vivencia, los efectos sociales y financieros de la asignación en domicilio, la cual refuerza la doble vulnerabilidad profesional y social, así como sus padecimientos. Confinados en un «subsistema de salud» en la base de la pirámide sanitaria, ese personal sanitario invisible es el más expuesto, el menos protegido o apoyado. Este análisis contribuirá al conocimiento sociológico del rol habitual y en situación de epidemia del personal sanitario en el sistema de salud pública, y por otra parte permitirá comprender los contornos de una invisibilidad «organizada» e institucionalizada que compromete la respuesta a las epidemias.Alternate :Basé sur les résultats d'une étude ethnographique sur la construction sociale de la confiance, cet article décrit les expériences vécues lors de l'épidémie de la maladie à virus Ebola. Il montre comment, en première ligne face aux malades, les dispositifs de réponse à une épidémie imprévisible au Sénégal reposent sur les capacités des agents de santé peu visibles, au statut précaire, qui ne sont pas considérés comme faisant partie des membres du personnel de santé, qui assurent au quotidien l'essentiel des soins « ordinaires ». L'article décrit l'itinéraire de soins du patient, les modalités d'identification et le profil des soignants considérés comme des « contacts ». L'auteure décrit leur vécu, les effets sociaux, et financiers de l'assignation à domicile qui renforce la double vulnérabilité professionnelle et sociale ainsi que leurs souffrances. Enfermés dans un « sous‑système de santé » à l'entrée de la pyramide sanitaire, ces soignants invisibles sont les plus exposés, les moins protégés ou soutenus. Cette analyse devrait permettre, d'une part, de contribuer à une connaissance sociologique du rôle habituel et en situation d'épidémie de ces soignants dans le système de soins publics, et, d'autre part, d'appréhender des cont ur d'une invisibilité « organisée » et institutionnalisée qui compromet les ripostes épidémiques.

The Social Construction of Leadership Power

What is called into being as "leadership” is what is intelligible as leadership through norms and "truths” at the time. It is not just based on the intent or characteristics of the leader, but on how subjects of the "truths” of the leader are constituted and hence conduct themselves. Leadership and context are connected and hence socially constructed. In fact, traditional, views of "universal” leadership traits as possessed by the leader do not help us explain or understand what has happened in Australia during the last 2 years of the pandemic, seen by most as a crisis in leadership. Having presided over closed international borders and a majority of closed internal borders and lockdowns for most of 2020/2021 the federal government provided heavily interventionist wages support for most businesses and workers in that time. Given the closure of international borders, and the priority given to suppression of the virus, the coordinated test, trace, and isolate practices delivered in each state were largely effective. With 90% of people double-dose vaccinated across the country in November 2021 and 9 days into the Omicron variant, the international borders and most state borders opened completely or with exemptions available. The Prime Minister "declared his aspiration to get the government out of people's lives… [becoming] a government in name only… " (Felk, 2022). Infections, and deaths skyrocketed and the test, trace, and isolate regime broke down in most places with long queues and people waiting for days for results. The new pushing through and moving forward "truths” were a major change in how leadership of the pandemic was now presented. By understanding leadership as deploying techniques of governmentality, how most people are asked to reconstitute themselves as "responsible” individuals who now valued their freedoms above social obligations of protecting others from the virus can be examined. In the new narratives of "leadership, " deaths are less important than hospitalizations and managing health systems. The resurgence of the priority of the economy shows a swing from one extreme of zero-suppression of the virus to the other, described by some as the "let it rip” strategy with one of the highest rises in daily cases and deaths in the world. The health/freedom/economy paradox remains and it is uncertain if the government can "strike the most effective response to it” (Grattan, 2022). By understanding leadership as techniques of governmentality where narratives attempt to tell "truths” for a period of time that constitute people in certain ways according to rationalities of governing, how construction of compliance or not and "leadership” or not through norms of intelligibility happens can be apprehended and therefore imagine something better. "Living with Covid” might be a better balance between more distanced pushing through, moving forward, and taking individual responsibility alongside social obligations and restrictions on freedoms that prioritizes living in addition to the economy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Igniting an Intersectional Shift in Public Policy Research (and Training)

Tout au long des années 2010, l'une des principales préoccupations en ce qui concerne les politiques publiques et les débats sur celles-ci était la compréhension des sources d'inégalité, de même que le rôle du gouvernement dans la lutte contre l'inégalité des revenus. Bien que des progrès aient été réalisés, d'importantes lacunes subsistent en matière d'inégalité – lacunes qui vont bien au-delà de l'inégalité des revenus et que la pandémie de COVID-19 a mises en évidence. L'expérience de la pandémie nous rappelle que les individus qui forment la société vivent des expériences distinctes et que l'attention à l'inégalité et à la diversité doit s'intégrer étroitement à des cadres stratégiques actualisés. Après la COVID-19, alors que les gouvernements s'engagent à ce que la relance soit équitable et dans le contexte d'un désir généralisé pour une société plus juste, une approche inclusive de l'analyse des politiques est nécessaire afin de remédier aux défaillances de longue date de l'économie et de la société. Les cadres stratégiques actualisés doivent être plus représentatifs des expériences et des luttes des populations marginalisées et sous-représentées, et leur accorder plus d'attention. L'intersectionnalité est un outil analytique ancré dans le paradigme de la justice sociale qui met au jour les liens entre les notions d'identité et les systèmes de pouvoir à travers lesquels elles se déploient. L'intersectionnalité tient compte de la façon dont nos identités se forment : à l'intersection de divers construits sociaux, tels que la race, la capacité, la classe et le genre, et dans des contextes et des structures de pouvoir plus vastes, comme le marché du travail et les institutions gouvernementales. L'intégration complète de l'intersectionnalité à l'analyse des politiques permettrait de mettre en place une structure d'analyse des politiques qui ferait avancer les programmes politiques centrés sur la diversité, l'inclusion et l'équité.Alternate :Throughout the 2010s, a major focus of public policy and public policy debates was about understanding the sources of inequality and understanding the role of government in addressing income inequality. While progress has been made, significant gaps in inequality remain-gaps that go well beyond income inequality and that were emphasized throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiences of the pandemic have served as a reminder that individuals in society have distinct experiences, and that attention to inequality and diversity needs to be seriously incorporated into modernized policy frameworks. As governments commit to a fair recovery from COVID-19 amid a broad desire for a more just society, a more inclusive approach to policy analysis is required to address longstanding failures in the economy and society. Modernized policy frameworks need to be more representative of and attentive to the experiences and struggles of marginalized and underrepresented populations. Intersectionality is an analytical tool rooted in the social justice paradigm that makes clear the links between notions of identity and the systems of power through which they play out. Intersectionality considers the ways in which our identities are formed at the intersections of various social constructs, such as race, ability, class, and gender, and within broader contexts and structures of power, such as the labour market and government institutions. Fully integrating intersectionality into policy analysis could create a policy analysis structure that would advance policy agendas of diversity, inclusion, and equity.

The mediating role of trait anxiety in the impact of digital competence perception on job insecurity: an application for hotel managers: MRN

PurposeThe main purpose of the study is to determine the mediating role of trait anxiety in the relationship between hotel managers' perceptions of digital competence in the Cappadocia Region and their perceptions of job insecurity.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, which is based on quantitative research, a cross-sectional design was used. The seven-item digital competence scale, four-item job insecurity scale and 20-item trait anxiety scale were used to measure the level of digital competence, job insecurity and trait anxiety of hotel managers. The convenience sampling method was used in the research, and 337 questionnaires were completed by senior and junior managers who agreed to participate in the research. To test the mediating role of trait anxiety, Andrew F. Hayes' views on the contemporary approach were taken as a basis.FindingsThe analysis results showed that digital competence had the opposite effect on job insecurity. Similarly, digital competence had the opposite effect on the level of trait anxiety. The level of trait anxiety affected the perception of job insecurity in a linear direction. As a result of the bootstrapping test, it was found that the indirect effect of trait anxiety on the relationship between digital competence and job insecurity was significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was unable to collect data from hotels that were closed during the COVID-19 pandemic due to restrictions. Therefore, one of the limitations of the study was that it did not reach the entire population. Another limitation of the study was that the questionnaires were addressed to hotel managers in the Cappadocia Region.Practical implicationsHotel managers' digital skills are considered to contribute to the tourism industry by organizing and determining business strategies, work processes and employee skills. In addition, when hiring hotel managers, it is essential to ensure that they have certain skills such as compatibility with the digital age, openness to innovation and the ability to adapt the employees working in their team to the age, which helps to improve the competitiveness of the hotel industry with the world and ensure the continuity of this situation.Originality/valueThe research addressed the variables of digital competence, job insecurity and trait anxiety and collected data from hotel managers in the Cappadocia Region using a survey technique. There were few studies that addressed these variables, and the mediating effect of trait anxiety was revealed based on the contemporary approach.

The social construction of systemic risk: towards an actionable framework for risk governance

Purpose: This paper explores the building blocks of risk governance systems that are equipped to manage systemic risk in the 21st century. Whilst approaches to risk governance have been evolving for more than a decade, recent disasters have shown that conventional risk management solutions need to be complemented with a multidimensional risk approach to govern complex risks and prevent major, often simultaneous, crises with cascading and knock-on effects on multiple, interrelated systems at scale. The paper explores which risk governance innovations will be essential to provide the enabling environment for sustainable development that is resilient to interrelated shocks and risks. Design/methodology/approach: This interdisciplinary literature review-based thought piece highlights how systemic risk is socially constructed and identifies guiding principles for systemic risk governance that could be actionable by and provide entry points for local and national governments, civil society and the private sector. particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), in a way that is relevant to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This considers preparedness, response and resilience, but more importantly prospective and corrective risk control and reduction strategies and mechanisms. Only when systemic risk is framed in a way that is relevant to the political agendas of countries will it be possible to begin a dialogue for its governance. Findings: The paper identifies opportunities at the global, national and local levels, which together draw up a viable framework for systemic risk governance that (1) embraces the governance of sustainability and resilience through a strengthened holistic governance framework for social, economic, territorial and environmental development;(2) improves managing conventional risk to ultimately manage systemic risks;(3) fosters the understanding of vulnerability and exposure to gain insight into systemic risk;(4) places a greater focus on prospective risk management;(5) manages systemic risk in local infrastructure systems, supply chains and ecosystems;(6) shifts the focus from protecting privatized gains to managing socialized risk. Originality/value: The choices and actions that societies take on the path of their development are contributing intentionally or unintentionally to the construction of systemic risks, which result in knock-on effects among interconnected social, environmental, political and economic systems. These risks are manifesting in major crises with cascading effects and a real potential to undermine the achievement of the SDGs, as COVID-19 is a stark reminder of. This paper offers the contours of a new risk governance paradigm that is able to navigate the new normal in a post-COVID world and is equipped to manage systemic risk. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Domestic load, dependent care and home violence during the COVID-19 lockdown.

The Covid-19 pandemic carried Peru to confront many challenges in the public health system;we wonder about relationships at home during the quarantine period;even more when Peru has the challenge to reach de gender equality and decrease violence. Objective(s): To describe the distribution of the housework, dependent care and violence in home during the quarantine, according to gender. Method(s): This is a descriptive study where a virtual questionnaire was applied to an intentional sample of 1,124 males and females above 18 years of age from all over Peru between May and July 2020. Result(s): Although most of the respondents indicated that they had shared housework during the lockdown, females assumed more frequently these labors alone than males, difference that was statistically significant. Both, males and females accepted that home violence increased during the lockdown, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion(s): During the lockdown both males and females shared homework, but females assumed more responsibilities than males, home violence was perceived increasing.Copyright © 2022 Revista Medica Herediana. All rights reserved.

Cristalización legislativa de los procesos de securitización de la covid-19. Aplicabilidad del modelo de la Escuela de Seguridad de Copenhague al análisis de la Ley 4/1981 sobre los estados de alarma, excepción y sitio y la Ley 2/2021 de medidas para la gestión de la pandemia

El objeto de este artículo es realizar una propuesta teórico-metodológica a partir del modelo de análisis de la Escuela de seguridad de Copenhague para incorporar el examen de textos legislativos al estudio de los procesos de securitización. Con este objetivo, se realiza una aproximación al estudio de la securitización de la pandemia de la covid-19 a través del análisis comparativo de dos textos que han dado cobertura legislativa a la gestión de esta crisis sanitaria en España. El texto de la Ley orgánica 4/1981 sobre los estados de alarma, excepción y sitio;y el texto de la Ley 2/2021 del Parlamento Vasco de medidas para la gestión de la pandemia. Metodológicamente, este artículo analiza la securitización de la covid-19 a partir del modelo propuesto por la Escuela de seguridad de Copenhague desarrollado a raíz de la publicación de Security: A New Framework For Analysis (Buzan et al., 1997). Numerosas investigaciones han aplicado este modelo de análisis en el estudio de las políticas de seguridad sobre fenómenos como los movimientos migratorios (Müller y Gerbauer, 2021), la emergencia climática o la crisis sanitaria de la covid-19, examinando objetos tan diversos como los textos publicados en medios de comunicación social (Karyotis et al., 2021), el análisis de las audiencias (Bengtsson y Rhinard, 2019) o los discursos políticos (Kuleteva y Clifford, 2021). Un modelo que también se nutrió de las contribuciones posteriores de Balzacq (2005), Salter (2008) y Stritzel (2007, 2012) que ampliaron aún más los objetos de estudio de la securitización, que dejaron de ser exclusivamente textos de carácter político comunicados de manera lineal, para incorporar el análisis de la audiencia como un agente que interactúa y participa de la creación del discurso securitizador, la performance asociada a la ejecución del discurso o la interactividad del discurso en las redes sociodigitales. Sin embargo, pese a esta diversificación de estudios, la mayoría de las investigaciones sobre la securitización siguen centrándose en textos pertenecientes a discursos políticos o mediáticos. Se observa una ausencia de análisis de otro tipo de textos como aquellos de carácter legislativo, que también es interesante estudiar en el marco de estos procesos. Se trata de textos que, en muchos casos, dan cobertura legislativa a la aplicación de políticas de seguridad y podrían representar la cristalización legal de discursos político mediáticos previos. Dicho esto, dado el carácter jurídico de los textos que se examinan en este artículo, conviene señalar que el análisis que se propone es de carácter discursivo. Sin analizar las implicaciones jurídicas de los textos, cuestión que necesitaría otro tipo de tratamiento teórico-metodológico, nos proponemos observar la construcción discursiva de la seguridad que subyace en ellos y las consecuencias que, siguiendo las hipótesis de la Escuela de seguridad de Copenhague, esto conlleva. El artículo se estructura en tres partes. En el primer apartado, se realiza un breve acercamiento a la evolución de la investigación sobre seguridad en el campo de las Relaciones Internacionales y a la teoría de la securitización elaborada por la Escuela de seguridad de Copenhague en los años noventa. En el segundo apartado, se describe el contexto de crisis sanitaria global y, en concreto, en el caso de España, junto con los procesos de securitización que la acompañan. En tercer lugar, se presentan los documentos examinados y la operacionalización que permite su análisis. Posteriormente, se aborda la discusión sobre los resultados y las conclusiones.Alternate abstract:The aim of this article is to present a theoretical-methodological proposal based on a model of analysis from the Copenhagen School of Security Studies, which incorporates the examination of legislative texts into the study of securitization processes. With this objective, we propose an approach to the study of the securitization of the Covid-19 pandemic through the comparative analysis o two texts that have given legislative coverage to the management of this health crisis in Spain. The text of (1) Organic Law 4/1981 on the states of alarm, exception and siege;and the text of (2) Law 2/2021 of the Basque Parliament on measures for managing the pandemic. After the publication of Security:A New Framework For Analysis (Buzan et al.l997), numerous investigations have used the securitization analysis model of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies to study security policies on phenomena such as migratory movements (Müller and Gerbauer, 2021), the climate emergency, or the health crisis of Covid-19 by examining the texts published on social media (Karyotis et al., 202l),or the analysis of the audiences (Bengtsson and Rhinard, 2019) or political discourses (Kuleteva and Clifford, 2021). Securitization theory holds that what gives an issue the status of threat results from an interaction between an actor, whether it is a state, an organization, or the media, and which tries to define a certain problem as an existential threat, and an audience that accepts or rejects this attempt. Under this premise, security is considered a social construct, which has enormous consequences when it comes to its study.The analysis of the security agenda no longer consists of evaluating those threats considered real, but rather aims at the communicative processes through which actors and audiences agree to securitize an issue. The contributions of Balzacq (2005), Salter (2008) and Stritzel (2007;20l2), among others, have also broadened the objects of study of securitization, which have ceased to be exclusively texts of a political nature communicated in a linear manner to incorporate also the audience as an agent that interacts and participates in the creation of the securitizing discourse, the performance associated with the execution of the discourse or the interactivity of the discourse in socio-digital networks. However, despite this diversification in the approach to the study of securitization, most research continues to focus on texts belonging to political or media discourse.There is an absence of analysis of securitization in other types of texts, such as those of a legislative nature which are also interesting to study within the framework of these processes.That is, texts that, in many cases, give legislative coverage to the application of security policies and could represent the legal crystallization of previous political-media discourses. That said, given the legal nature of the texts examined in this article, it is important to make clear that the analysis proposed is, following the model of the Copenhagen School, a discursive analysis. This article does not carry out a legal analysis of the documents or a study on the legal consequences of the implementation of these laws, a study that would need another theoretical-methodological approach. Without conducting a legal analysis, we propose to observe the discursive construction of security that underlies the texts analyzed and the consequences that, according to the hypothesis of the Copenhagen School, this entails. Thus, the current analysis is about the securitization processes of the Covid-19 crisis.This health crisis has been one of the most disruptive episodes globally in recent decades. The unexpected appearance of the virus and its rapid spread made Covid-19, in just a few weeks, as UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres pointed out, the greatest threat to global security. The pandemic surpassed any of the established international protocols, and the lack of multilateral agreements between different countries and measures against the virus showed in turn a lack of global governance to deal with this type of threat. At first sight, we could say that Covid-19, an illness that, being new, poses a threat to the health of the entire world population since most people do not have immunity against it. However, this health crisis is once again a good scenario in which to observe that the threat is perceived and constructed in a very diverse way among the populatio .The study by Kirk (2022) on the securitization of Covid-19 in the United States refers to this. She analyzes the discursive battle between different security narratives about the health crisis in a country where the wearing or not wearing of a mask in public places often becomes an expression of a political position. The delimitation of the object of study to the examination of the texts of the Organic Law 4/1981 on states of alarm, exception, and siege, and (2) the Law 2/2021 of the Basque Parliament on measures for the management of the pandemic, is done for several reasons. In the first place, both texts, of an eminently legal nature, respond to the necessary characteristics to carry out the analysis in accordance with the objective of the study. Secondly, despite the substantial differences that both laws maintain in their preamble and the context of their drafting, the two texts have served as a legal framework for taking measures to deal with similar events, specifically, the crisis health of covid-19. This allows, following the proposal of the Copenhagen School, to contextualize the analysis of the securitization construction of the texts based on these facts. Third, the choice of texts, which share a legal framework, responds to the proposal to carry out an analysis of a state nature, and not an international one, given the prominence of state legislation in the coverage of policies and implementation of the security measures against the covid-19 disease because of the lack of international legal frameworks. The article is structured in three parts. In the first section, a brief theoretical-methodological approach is elaborated on the evolution of security research in the field of International Relations and to the theory of securitization developed bythe Copenhagen School. In the second, the context of the global health crisis and the case of Spain are described together with the securitization processes that accompany it.Thirdly, the documents examined and the operationalization that allows their analysis are presented. Subsequently, the discussion on the results and conclusions is addressed.

Who deserves what and why during the COVID-19 pandemic: Applying the CARIN principles of deservingness to the American welfare state.

How does the public decide who is deserving of welfare benefits? To shed light on this question, we investigate whether the CARIN principles of deservingness-specifically the ideas of control, attitude, reciprocity, identity, and need-impact the public's perception of American welfare target groups. We draw contrast between traditional welfare programs and pandemic-related programs to gain a more comparative understanding of the principles' effects as well as to determine what role the pandemic may play in shaping welfare perceptions. We report that positive, deserving social constructions exist for recipients of both traditional and pandemic-related welfare programs, and we find evidence that the distinction between traditional and pandemic-related programs is important for deservingness perceptions in the US. Overall, these results suggest the importance of the CARIN criteria in an American context.

DISCURSO SOCIAL Y PANDEMIA EN COSTA RICA. ANÁLISIS DE LA DISCURSIVIDAD SOCIAL ENTRE MARZO 2020 Y MARZO 2021 EN EL MARCO DE LA CRISIS SANITARIA POR LA PANDEMIA COVID-19 1

Desde marzo del 2020, el mundo se ha enfrentado a la pandemia por Covid-19 lo que ha ameritada una serie de esfuerzos de diferente índole para su atención. En el presente caso, este artículo explora el mundo discursivo apelando al énfasis de discurso social como una forma macro analítica de entender la situación en función de grupos específicos (grupos narrativos) que ejercen fuerza social mediante sus mensajes y alcances;dichos grupos son el gobierno, los expertos y los medios (tradicionales de comunicación). Por medio de una metodología inductiva con centralidad en una técnica de análisis de discurso -acentuando lo social- se realiza una indagatoria sobre los conflictos, problemas, acuerdos, dificultades y sentidos surgidos en el recorrido durante casi 2 años. Se concluye que el discurso social sobre la pandemia afirma y estimula pautas de desigualdad social y acentúa una división de la sociedad costarricense, a partir de un fenómeno casi incomprensible, debido a la alta complejidad del conocimiento epidemiológico y el comportamiento social.Alternate :Since March 2020 the world has been living in a pandemic status because of Covid-19. This situation has created a context of political and social action to contain it. Research about covid-19 and its consequences has appear in different areas, topics and disciplines. In our case, this article explores the covid-19 situation thru discourse analysis, specifically social discourse, which is a macro analytical framework for doing discourse studies. By using this analytical path, we create narrative groups that give us the possibility to explore the social construction of sense and meaning. The three narrative groups are: government, experts and the media (traditional media). Thru an inductive methodology and using centrally a discourse analysis technic -emphasising the social aspect- the document ponders conflict, arrangement, problems, difficulties and social sense from this 2 years track on covid-19. A central conclusion about social discourse is that confirmed and stimulate social inequality and promotes social division in the country. The covid-19 phenomenon is presented as something almost incomprehensible due to the high complexity process linking epidemiology knowledge and social behaviour.

The Social Meaning of 4,444 Sholawat Nariyah in The Covid-19 Pandemic

This study discusses the social meaning of reading sholawat nariyah 4,444 times. The purpose is to understand it as a social reality practiced in Badang Village during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sholawat nariyah is interpreted as a religious tradition that continues to be preserved and maintained. It uses a qualitative approach from the phenomenological aspect, with in-depth interviews and observations. The findings cover five categories of sholawat nariyah as a symbol of religion, as a solidarity action, as sacredness, as collective awareness, and as a tool of power. This study concludes that the social meaning of reading sholawat nariyah for 4,444 times is social capital and cultural wealth in Badang Village. Sholawat nariyah is also as a social reality in understanding sholawat nariyah.Penelitian ini membahas tentang makna sosial dari bacaan sholawat nariyah sebanyak 4,444 kali. Tujuannya yaitu untuk memahami pembacaan sholawat nariyah sebagai realitas sosial di desa Badang pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Sholawat nariyah dimaknai sebagai tradisi keagamaan yang terus dilestarikan dan dipertahankan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dari aspek fenomenologis, dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Penelitian ini mengklasifikasikan temuan ke dalam lima kategori, antara lain sholawat nariyah sebagai simbol agama;sebagai aksi solidaritas;dalam kesucian;sebagai kesadaran kolektif;dan sebagai sebuah alat kekuasaan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa makna sosial yang terkandung dalam bacaan sholawat nariyah sebanyak 4,444 kali merupakan modal sosial dan kekayaan budaya di desa Badang, sholawat nariyah sebagai ralitas sosial dalam memahami sholawat nariyah.

Limit your body area -a COVID-19 mass radicalisation challenging autonomy and basic human rights

Purpose>This paper aims to explore articulations of how individuals internalise official demands on handling COVID-19 and the function of social media in this process, and further to discuss this from a human rights’ perspective.Design/methodology/approach>A thematic analysis of qualitative data from an international survey on COVID-19 and social media. The analysis was inspired by Berger and Luckmann's theory of reality as a social construction.Findings>Articulations expressed an instant internalisation and externalisation of the officially defined “new normal”. However, negotiations of this “new normal” were articulated, whereby everyday life activities could proceed. Resistance to the “new normal” appeared, as routines and common sense understandings of everyday life were threatened. Health-care professionals were put in a paradoxical situation, living in accordance with the “new normal” outside work and legitimately deviating from it at work. The “new normal” calls for individuals’ “oughtonomy” rather than autonomy. Social media were used to push individual’s re-socialisation into the “new normal”. The latter both promoted and challenged human rights as the individual's right to self-determination extends beyond the self as it risks threatening other people's right to life.Originality/value>With the means of a theoretically based thematic analysis inspired by Berger and Luckmann, the current study shows how articulations on COVID-19 and social media can both support and challenge human rights and reality as a facticity as dictated by dominant organisations and discourses in society.

Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on market access by family farmers: qualitative study in the municipality of Mariana - MG

This paper addresses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to markets by family farmers in Mariana. The research was theoretically guided by the discussion on the social construction of markets accessed by family farmers. A typology of markets developed by Schneider (2016) was used as an analytical model - which differentiates the main market channels accessed by family farmers in Brazil in order to assess possible changes in the forms of marketing during the pandemic. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative methodology consisting of semi-structured interviews with family farmers in Mariana. Through the content analysis of the interviews, it was possible to identify that the marketing channels available in the pandemic context did not change, but, due to access restrictions, in addition to the absence of incentives and public policies, farmers were impacted, highlighting the significant reduction in their income. © Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.

Household Food Security as a Complex System—Contributions to the Social Sciences from the Cuban Perspective during a Pandemic

The food crisis caused by the rise in grocery prices affects many countries. Added to this complex panorama is the current health situation generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Its impact on the productive sector will be detrimental to many household incomes and food practices. The social sciences need to adopt a complex understanding of household food security (HFS) as a dynamic process of building collective nutritional knowledge and eating habits. In the case of Cuba, the burden on the agrifood system is the result of external and internal factors that affect household food sustainability. This paper, therefore, seeks to assess the social construction of HFS as a complex system in the current pandemic scenario using the municipality of Santiago de Cuba as a case study. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The main results obtained focus on the role played by women in food use and distribution, and the effect of food vulnerability on HFS. These results provide an analytical model for the study of the new and diverse household-food-security configurations that are emerging.

COVID-19 Experiences of Stage Performers: Narratives from Turkey

This article focuses on the experiences of artistic performers in Turkey from a primarily interactionist theoretical stance and aims to explore how they have been affected by the COVID-19 crisis. The lockdown policies implemented in Turkey have had dire consequences for these performers, exposing them to a new social position of insecurity and uncertainty. They have suffered not only from a lack of economic resources but also of the social interaction that in prior circumstances provided them with the grounds upon which they construct and present their social self. The findings of the study show that the closures of performance spaces fractured the day-to-day routines that would normally provide them with a secure social self since they lacked the ground (the physical stage) through which they have physical interaction with others (their audiences). The narratives in the study demonstrate that not being able to be on-stage endangered the process of the social construction of the self as performers and that they sought new ways of reconstituting the performer-audience interaction in order to ease the negative effects of the pandemic conditions and to secure their selves.

Physicians' Conceptions of the Dying Patient: Scoping Review and Qualitative Content Analysis of the United Kingdom Medical Literature.

Most people in high income countries experience dying while receiving healthcare, yet dying has no clear beginning, and contexts influence how dying is conceptualised. This study investigates how UK physicians conceptualise the dying patient. We employed Scoping Study Methodology to obtain medical literature from 2006-2021, and Qualitative Content Analysis to analyse stated and implied meanings of language used, informed by social-materialism. Our findings indicate physicians do not conceive a dichotomous distinction between dying and not dying, but construct conceptions of the dying patient in subjective ways linked to their practice. We argue that the focus of future research should be on exploring practice-based challenges in the workplace to understanding patient dying. Furthermore, pre-Covid-19 literature related dying to chronic illness, but analysis of literature published since the pandemic generated conceptions of dying from acute illness. Researchers should note the ongoing effects of Covid-19 on societal and medical awareness of dying.

Tecnologias em tempos de (pós) pandemia: um ensaio focalizado ao mundo rural brasileiro

No contexto atual, no qual vivencia-se a propagação do novo coronavírus (Covid-19), a tecnologia ganha roupagem diferenciada, mormente, interpretada como produto ou combinação inusitada de processos, baseada nos pressupostos da ciência, com vistas à superação dos desafios que foram criados ou avultados à vida humana. No espaço rural brasileiro, se por um lado, a incidência viral em nível global afeta negativamente distintos sujeitos do campo, por outro lado, ela destaca a importância, para toda a sociedade, de uma categoria social produtora de alimentos, em geral, mais saudáveis, mas, sobretudo tecnologicamente inovadora. À luz dessa problemática, este ensaio se propõe a refletir sobre as formas de concepção tecnológica desenvolvidas pela agricultura familiar que podem vir a configurar estratégias de desenvolvimento rural mais sustentáveis e contextualizadas em tempos de (pós) pandemia. Para tanto, é metodologicamente pautado em pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais realizadas no segundo semestre de 2020 e tem como cerne teórico as perspectivas de sistemas tecnológicos e de construção social da tecnologia. Como principais alcances, contribui na composição de uma agenda de pesquisa e mobilização sociotécnica voltada a iniciativas contra-hegemônicas de desenvolvimento rural a serem constituídas no contexto de (pós) pandemia.Alternate :En el contexto actual de pandemia, la tecnología adquiere una forma diferente, interpretada principalmente como un producto o una combinación inusual de procesos y basada en los supuestos de la ciencia con miras a superar los desafíos que fueron creados o añadidos a la vida humana. En el espacio rural brasileño, más allá de la incidencia negativa del coronavirus a nivel global, resalta la importancia que tiene el campo en su categoría social como productor de alimentos más saludables, en general, y sobre todo tecnológicamente innovadores. Ante esta problemática, este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre las formas de concepción tecnológica desarrolladas por la agricultura familiar que pueden llegar a configurar estrategias de desarrollo rural más sustentables y contextualizadas en tiempos pospandémicos. Para ello se basa metodológicamente en una investigación bibliográfica y documental realizada durante el segundo semestre de 2020, tiene como eje teórico las perspectivas de los sistemas tecnológicos y la construcción social de la tecnología, y contribuye a la generación de una agenda de investigación y movilización sociotécnica orientada a iniciativas contrahegemónicas de desarrollo rural.Alternate :In the present context, dominated by the Covid-19 pandemic, technology gains a new shape as a product or an unusual combination of processes oriented to overcome the challenges that were created or added to human life. In the Brazilian rural space, notwithstanding the global negative incidence of the pandemic, the importance of a social category that produces healthier and technologically innovative food for everyone is highlighted. This article proposes to reflect on the forms of technological conception developed by family farming that may come to configure more sustainable and contextualized strategies for rural development in these (post) pandemic times. The article is methodologically based on a bibliographic research carried out during the second half of 2020 and its theoretical core resides in the concepts of technological systems and the social construction of technology. It contributes to a research and socio-technical mobilization agenda aimed at constituting counter-hegemonic rural development initiatives.

Social Construction of Vulnerable Populations: The Case of Age in the COVID-19 Pandemic

This article explores the role of social construction in public administrators' differential treatment of older Americans as a vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis compares differences in how both federal and state web sites reacted to information that increased age and male sex correlated with negative COVID-19 outcomes and relates these differences in presentation to hegemonic constructions of each group.

The Shadow Pandemic: COVID-19 and Gender Insecurity in Uganda

Globally, COVID-19 was framed a security issue and thus response measures were likened to military struggles against an adversary because of its devastating socio-economic effects. Adopting a theoretical tool – securitisation characterised by preventive measures such as restricted movements, closure of public spaces, curfew and social distancing, the approach proved insensitive to gender security. For instance, from heightened use of violence and discrimination to increased economic insecurity and financial distress, men and women have disproportionately dealt with insecurity rooted in social construction of roles. Using secondary sources of literature, the paper exposed how COVID-19 and, consequently, the preventive measures deepened gender insecurity through the adoption of a theoretical tool – securitisation that is gender insensitive. From the reviewed documents, COVID-19 intensified gender insecurity through straining financial and economic conditions;exposure to violence and discrimination;and increased cases of domestic violence. The paper argued that, to avoid entrenchment of the already existing gender inequalities, the securitisation approach must be enhanced with a gendered lens to security.

Education as a Community Affair: Digitally Designing Knowledge

Distance learning is becoming increasingly prevalent. If education is a community affair, how do we digitally design the conditions for learning at a distance for our students? This research examines a distance learning environment within a Master's Degree course created using online discussion forums, based upon the Community of Inquiry model (Garrison, Anderson & Archer, 2000). A structural analysis of the discussion forums, a quantitative analysis of social, teaching, and cognitive presence using a ten-factor model (Dempsey & Zhang, 2019), and a qualitative analysis of individual interviews with community members, found that the role of the instructor is critical in providing metacognitive direction to the community. This direction includes encouraging students towards 'cwelelep', or the pursuit of uncertainty and cognitive dissonance, thus opening the way for the relational construction of knowledge. To help students embrace uncertainty, they require explicit metacognitive knowledge of the processes that allow a community of inquiry to function.